History buffs know that Avignon, the main city of Provence, has quite a remarkable story. During the 14th century, Avignon was the official residence of nine popes, prompting a schism in the church that was felt throughout Europe. Simultaneously, Avignon suffered the onslaught of the Black Death, when bubonic plague wiped out two-thirds of the population. You will want look inside the Palace of the Popes and also enjoy the modern highlights of this historic city on the Rhone. Best explored on foot, Avignon is a pedestrian-friendly city of small, narrow streets lined with stone facades, sweet little back lanes and alleys, cafes, shops, trees, fountains and squares.